Channels are essentially separate feeds, where you and your members can discuss different topics. Each post appears only in the feed where it has been posted.

Public channels are available for all users that have access to the community.

Private channels are only visible to the users that were added there by the admins. Members in private channels can be either added manually, or through subscription gating (see below).

To create a new feed, go to your community. Under the search bar, you can see your general channel if you haven’t made any new ones. Beneath that, there’s a button that says “Add Channel.”
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When creating the channel you can pick an emoji that would be displayed next the the channel name.

There is no limit to the number of public or private channels. You may add as many as you wish. Just be careful not to add too many, so you, and your members are not overwhelmed with too many options.

Channel name, emoji, and settings can be edited at any time via the Edit channel menu that is accessible through the channel page:

You can adjust permissions on the level of individual channels to control whether your users or moderators can post or comment there. You can do it through the Edit Channel menu.

For each user group, you can select one of the 3 access levels:

You can change these settings at any time.

Instead of manually adding members to a private channel you can select and add subscription levels to the channel. This way, all active subscribers will be added to the channel - the list will be automatically kept up to date.

If you add a subscription level to a private channel and then manually remove some members, they will not be automatically added unless you add them back manually.

No. You cannot change the publication status for a channel once you create it. If you need to make a public channel private you'll need to recreate the channel.